Assyrian-Kurdish Clashes (1840-1895)
The Assyrian-Kurdish Clashes (1840-1895) refers to a series of large and small clashes between Assyrians, Kurds and the Ottoman Empire throughout the years 1840-1895. The clashes further escalated in 1840, when the Assyrians decided to massacre 50 Kurdish civilians in Berwari and kidnap their Women, while also turning the Mosques into Churches.
1840 Barwari Massacre
In 1840, during the reign of Nurullah Beg, while there were ongoing clashes between the Assyrians of Shimun XVII Abraham and the Kurds of Nurullah Beg, the Assyrians decided to attack Barwari. When the Assyrian attacked Berwari, they massacred 50 civilian Kurds, some of who were of Noble lineage, while also abducting Kurdish Women, and turning mosques into churches.
1843 Ashitha Revolt
In 1843 The Assyrians Made A Revolt against Zeynel Beg, Also against the other 2 Kurdish Emirs Bedir Khan Beg and Nurullah Beg, By the leader Malik Batu Who Got 10,000 Fighters, along with Shmasha Neno (Shmasha is the Assyrian word For Deacon) and Malik Jolo, The Revolt was Suppressed, And 10,000 Kurdish Fighters Died, And 5,500 Assyrian fighters died, Along with Many Civilians.
1846 Urmia Clashes
During the Massacres of Bedirkhan, The Assyrian Patriarch, Determined that The Assyrians Should Emigrate To Persia, Until the Massacres were finished, However, Bedir Khan Beg knew About this, And didn't want the Assyrians to Flee, So Bedir Khan Got his Forces in Urmia Lake, And Attacked the Assyrians who were trying to Flee, The Patriarch knew That Bedirkhan would Attack the Assyrians, And Start fighting Against Bedir Khan with the Assyrians, Many Fell on both sides, but in the End, The Patriarch Gained the victory, And Bedir Khan withdrew.
1877 Bohtan Uprising
The Kurdish Emir of Bohtan Yezdan Sher, Massacred the Assyrians in Tur Abdin And Took their Lands, kidnapped Women And children in the Year 1855. in 1877, During the , Two sons of Bedir Khan, Made an Uprising in Bohtan To honor Their father, And To bring Back the Bohtan Emirate, The situation of the Ottoman Empire was critical at that time, but the Assyrians gave tactics and Volunteers, Allied with The Ot. mans, And After Some Clashes, The The uprising was successfully suppressed, the ottoman Empire Honored Hanna Sifr An Assyrian Leader, by The Title Pasha, Making him the First Assyrian To Have the Title Pasha.
1886 Marunas Artush Campaign
In 1886, The Kurdish Tribe Marunas Artush attacked the Upper Tyari tribe, usurped their lands and stole their sheep. When the Upper Tyari clan sought Malik Yosip's help, Malik Yosip led his aforementioned campaign in the bitter winter and captured Marunas, forcing them to cease their aggression and resort to peace and calm. He also campaigned against the Banyansh clan, who had killed two people from Selebakan from the Lower Tyari clan, and committed several other aggressions. Malik Yosip overcame them and inflicted a terrible defeat on them, inflicting heavy losses in lives and weapons. The son of their chief (Agha al-Jal) was seriously wounded, and thus he stopped this clan in its tracks, so it resorted to peace.
1888 Helmun and Garamun Battle
In 1888, a battle took place in Helmun and Garamun between the Turkish army and the Lower Berwar Kurdish clans on one side, and between the Lower and Upper Tyari clans on the other. This battle ended with the defeat of the Turkish army and the lower Barwari tribes who wanted to control Helmun and Garamon and annex them to Barwar to collect taxes from them.
While these enemy forces were surrounded by the Tyari forces, they began to plead with Salmu (Shalmon), the brother of Malik Yosip, who was leading the lower Tyari forces, asking him for (Rubakht), meaning that they signed his honor, so Salmu opened the way for them and saved them from certain annihilation. This was one of the good qualities of the tribes, to pardon their enemies in battle when they asked for (Rubakht) in honor of the leader. When Malik Yosip arrived from his summer resort to the battlefield, the Turks and Kurdish Barwaris had withdrawn from the breach that Salmu had opened for them. When Malik Yosip rebuked his brother, he replied that they had asked for a “robakht” from him.
When the Tyari forces returned victorious from the battlefield, some Barwaris confronted them. The fighting intensified between the Lower Tyari tribe and the Barwaris in the Ouri Valley. Malik Yosip was fighting in the front lines when his rifle jammed from firing too quickly. He took the rifle of the fighter next to him, which had also jammed. The Kurds approached them and they were exposed to encirclement. Despite the insistence of his fighters to withdraw, he refused due to his extreme stubbornness and courage. He was confronted on the battlefront by Muhammad Beg bin Tatarkhan Beg and Ismail Beg bin Othman Beg, who were among the bravest men of Al-Barwar and their most skilled archers. So Malik Yosip drew his dagger and tried to attack them, but he was stopped by his men. Fortunately, in that critical situation, his brother Salmu arrived with his brave men and launched a counterattack on the Kurds, breaking the siege on his brother. Thus, this battle ended with the killing of two men from Barwari.
Julamerk Campaigns
According to Nurullah Beg, Bedir Khan Beg and The ottoman Governor Of Erzurum, the Assyrians had refused to pay taxes for a long time, looted some Muslim villages, burned and destroyed villages, and converted mosques into churches under the incitement of Dr. Grant. They also allegedly killed 16 Muslims from the lineage of the Prophet of Islam, describing these actions as "intolerable." Dr. Grant, in one of his letters to the Missionary Herald, wrote that the Nestorians (Assyrians) in the Diz region had launched two large-scale attacks on their Kurdish neighbors in Julamerk.
1840 Barwari Massacre
In 1840, during the reign of Nurullah Beg, while there were ongoing clashes between the Assyrians of Shimun XVII Abraham and the Kurds of Nurullah Beg, the Assyrians decided to attack Barwari. When the Assyrian attacked Berwari, they massacred 50 civilian Kurds, some of who were of Noble lineage, while also abducting Kurdish Women, and turning mosques into churches.
1843 Ashitha Revolt
In 1843 The Assyrians Made A Revolt against Zeynel Beg, Also against the other 2 Kurdish Emirs Bedir Khan Beg and Nurullah Beg, By the leader Malik Batu Who Got 10,000 Fighters, along with Shmasha Neno (Shmasha is the Assyrian word For Deacon) and Malik Jolo, The Revolt was Suppressed, And 10,000 Kurdish Fighters Died, And 5,500 Assyrian fighters died, Along with Many Civilians.
1846 Urmia Clashes
During the Massacres of Bedirkhan, The Assyrian Patriarch, Determined that The Assyrians Should Emigrate To Persia, Until the Massacres were finished, However, Bedir Khan Beg knew About this, And didn't want the Assyrians to Flee, So Bedir Khan Got his Forces in Urmia Lake, And Attacked the Assyrians who were trying to Flee, The Patriarch knew That Bedirkhan would Attack the Assyrians, And Start fighting Against Bedir Khan with the Assyrians, Many Fell on both sides, but in the End, The Patriarch Gained the victory, And Bedir Khan withdrew.
1877 Bohtan Uprising
The Kurdish Emir of Bohtan Yezdan Sher, Massacred the Assyrians in Tur Abdin And Took their Lands, kidnapped Women And children in the Year 1855. in 1877, During the , Two sons of Bedir Khan, Made an Uprising in Bohtan To honor Their father, And To bring Back the Bohtan Emirate, The situation of the Ottoman Empire was critical at that time, but the Assyrians gave tactics and Volunteers, Allied with The Ot. mans, And After Some Clashes, The The uprising was successfully suppressed, the ottoman Empire Honored Hanna Sifr An Assyrian Leader, by The Title Pasha, Making him the First Assyrian To Have the Title Pasha.
1886 Marunas Artush Campaign
In 1886, The Kurdish Tribe Marunas Artush attacked the Upper Tyari tribe, usurped their lands and stole their sheep. When the Upper Tyari clan sought Malik Yosip's help, Malik Yosip led his aforementioned campaign in the bitter winter and captured Marunas, forcing them to cease their aggression and resort to peace and calm. He also campaigned against the Banyansh clan, who had killed two people from Selebakan from the Lower Tyari clan, and committed several other aggressions. Malik Yosip overcame them and inflicted a terrible defeat on them, inflicting heavy losses in lives and weapons. The son of their chief (Agha al-Jal) was seriously wounded, and thus he stopped this clan in its tracks, so it resorted to peace.
1888 Helmun and Garamun Battle
In 1888, a battle took place in Helmun and Garamun between the Turkish army and the Lower Berwar Kurdish clans on one side, and between the Lower and Upper Tyari clans on the other. This battle ended with the defeat of the Turkish army and the lower Barwari tribes who wanted to control Helmun and Garamon and annex them to Barwar to collect taxes from them.
While these enemy forces were surrounded by the Tyari forces, they began to plead with Salmu (Shalmon), the brother of Malik Yosip, who was leading the lower Tyari forces, asking him for (Rubakht), meaning that they signed his honor, so Salmu opened the way for them and saved them from certain annihilation. This was one of the good qualities of the tribes, to pardon their enemies in battle when they asked for (Rubakht) in honor of the leader. When Malik Yosip arrived from his summer resort to the battlefield, the Turks and Kurdish Barwaris had withdrawn from the breach that Salmu had opened for them. When Malik Yosip rebuked his brother, he replied that they had asked for a “robakht” from him.
When the Tyari forces returned victorious from the battlefield, some Barwaris confronted them. The fighting intensified between the Lower Tyari tribe and the Barwaris in the Ouri Valley. Malik Yosip was fighting in the front lines when his rifle jammed from firing too quickly. He took the rifle of the fighter next to him, which had also jammed. The Kurds approached them and they were exposed to encirclement. Despite the insistence of his fighters to withdraw, he refused due to his extreme stubbornness and courage. He was confronted on the battlefront by Muhammad Beg bin Tatarkhan Beg and Ismail Beg bin Othman Beg, who were among the bravest men of Al-Barwar and their most skilled archers. So Malik Yosip drew his dagger and tried to attack them, but he was stopped by his men. Fortunately, in that critical situation, his brother Salmu arrived with his brave men and launched a counterattack on the Kurds, breaking the siege on his brother. Thus, this battle ended with the killing of two men from Barwari.
Julamerk Campaigns
According to Nurullah Beg, Bedir Khan Beg and The ottoman Governor Of Erzurum, the Assyrians had refused to pay taxes for a long time, looted some Muslim villages, burned and destroyed villages, and converted mosques into churches under the incitement of Dr. Grant. They also allegedly killed 16 Muslims from the lineage of the Prophet of Islam, describing these actions as "intolerable." Dr. Grant, in one of his letters to the Missionary Herald, wrote that the Nestorians (Assyrians) in the Diz region had launched two large-scale attacks on their Kurdish neighbors in Julamerk.
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